IMF: Debt threatens to engulf Europe

The debt crisis engulfing Europe poses a significant risk to the global economy and the European Union must take decisive action to stop the spread of contagion, the International Monetary Fund said Tuesday.

In a review of euro zone financial policies, the IMF said the economic recovery is "solid" in most EU nations.

But the fund warned that unresolved fiscal problems in Greece, Ireland and Portugal could "spill over" into other nations and threaten the global economy.

"There was shared concern that the sovereign tensions could spill over into the core economies via the financial system with large adverse regional and global implications," the report states.

The report comes ahead of a key meeting in Brussels on Thursday. European leaders are set to hammer out the terms of a second bailout for Greece and discuss the intensifying debt crisis as it threatens to spread to Italy and Spain.

"The crisis in the periphery is not fully addressed yet," said Luc Everaert, a division chief in the IMF's European Department. "And the directors think this should be done very urgently."

European leaders "should not delay clarifying" the various proposals being discussed to address the crisis, said Everaert. The role that private sector investors will play, he said, "is a large uncertainty that has to be resolved."

Indeed, a key sticking point in the negotiations over Greece is whether banks would be forced to take losses as part of further bailouts of the debt-saddled nation.

In addition, the European Financial Stability Fund, the sovereign rescue program set up last year, should be expanded and modified so that it can be used as a more effective "backstop" for sovereign debt and banking problems, the IMF said.

The fund -- administered by the EU, ECB and IMF -- has the authority to issue up to 440 billion euros worth of bonds backed by EU members. It uses the proceeds to fund low-cost loans to troubled euro zone nations.

To date, the bailout fund has disbursed 9.5 billion euros to Ireland and Portugal. Greece received billions more before the fund was set up.

The fund is being scaled up to 500 billion euros, which should be "sufficient to address contagion," said Everaert. But authorities should be willing to increase the size if conditions in the euro zone deteriorate, he added.

To strengthen the financial system, the IMF called for "immediate measures" to ensure that European banks are sufficiently capitalized.

More stress for Spanish banks

The European Banking Authority said last week that eight banks will need 2.5 billion euros ($3.5 billion) to survive a serious downturn, and that 16 other lenders passed but should raise more money.

The debt crisis in Europe, which has been playing out for more than a year, has raised concern that the currency block is in danger of breaking up.

To address large structural problems, Everaert said the euro zone needs "binding rules" to ensure fiscal discipline across the 27-member group. He said the euro zone also needs to establish "backstops" for banks and governments to protect against future crisis.

But he sounded optimistic about the ability of European leaders to take needed steps to preserve the union.

"If we can contain the crisis to the periphery," he said. "Then we shouldn't have to worry about the others."

Christine Lagarde chosen to lead IMF.

French Finance Minister Christine Lagarde has been chosen to lead the International Monetary Fund . She will become the first female managing director of the global lending organization.

Lagarde's selection became all but assured when the Obama administration endorsed her earlier Tuesday. Hours later, the IMF's 24-member board voted to appoint her to the position. She had also won support from Europe, China and Russia.

I am deeply honored by the trust placed in me,'' Lagarde said in a statement after the vote. ``I would like to thank the fund's global membership warmly for the broad-based support I have received.''

Lagarde will face immediate challenges once she begins a five-year term next week.

She'll have to prod fellow European officials to take painful steps to prevent a default by Greece. She'll face pressure from emerging nations that want a greater voice at the IMF. And she'll be looked upon to restore the organization's reputation, which was tarred by a scandal involving the man she replaced.

Dominique Strauss-Kahn resigned last month after being charged with sexually assaulting a New York City hotel housekeeper. He has denied the charges.

She was chosen by consensus, the IMF said in a statement. Mexico's Agustin Carstens challenged her, but his candidacy never caught fire.

Lagarde's exceptional talent and broad experience will provide invaluable leadership ... at a critical time for the global economy,'' U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said.

Lagarde, 55, will be the first person to lead the IMF who isn't an economist. She led the Chicago-based law firm Baker & McKenzie before entering French politics in 2005. She speaks impeccable English and spent much of her career in the United States.

As one of the longest-serving ministers under French President Nicolas Sarkozy, she made the country's labor market rules more flexible. Forbes has listed her among the world's most powerful women.

Her appointment puts two women in prominent leadership roles at the organization. In April, Nemat Shafik, an Egyptian economist and former World Bank official, was appointed a top deputy at the fund. Shafik said last month the IMF is boosting its efforts to recruit women. The fund wants 25 percent to 30 percent of its management positions to be held by women by 2014, Shafik said.

In addition to the most recent charges, Strauss-Kahn was reprimanded in 2008 for having a brief affair with a subordinate, though he faced no disciplinary action.

Lagarde told the IMF's board last week that the managing director ``has to lead by example.'' She promised to ``restore staff pride in working at the IMF'' as part of a "healing process.''

Lagarde will be expected to help stabilize Europe's debt crisis.

That's likely one reason why even some developing countries, such as China, supported her candidacy, Lombardi said. China owns billions of dollars in euro-dominated bonds and has little interest in seeing the European debt crisis worsen.

France's Lagarde for IMF post

U.S. Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner said Tuesday that he supports French finance minister Christine Lagarde as head of the International Monetary Fund.

"Minister Lagarde's exceptional talent and broad experience will provide invaluable leadership for this indispensable institution at a critical time for the global economy," Geithner said in a statement.

The global financial organization is expected to vote on a new managing director as early as Tuesday to replace Dominique Strauss-Kahn, who was arrested in New York last month on sexual assault charges.

The vote on whom to appoint to the influential post comes at a crucial time for the IMF, which has been working closely with the European Union and the European Central Bank to provide financial support for Greece and other troubled European economies.

The only other contender is Mexican Central Bank chief Agustin Carstens, who has been supported by Australia, Canada and Mexico.

Geithner commended Carstens "on his strong and very credible candidacy."

Lagarde, who would be the first woman to run the IMF, is also backed by the United Kingdom, Germany and most European powers. Some Asian and African nations have also signaled support for her candidacy.

The fund's 24-member executive board seeks to agree on a new managing director by consensus.

The IMF, which is made up of 187 member countries, has traditionally been led by a Western European official.

For Greece, the real challenge is still ahead

Some developing nations had pushed to break that tradition, arguing that the IMF should consider candidates from rising economic powers in Asia and South America.

In a statement to the IMF's executive board released last week, Lagarde said the fund "belongs to no one but its 187 member states."

"I am not here to represent the interest of any given region of the world, but rather the entire membership," she continued.

The fund was established in 1947 to help rebuild the international monetary system after World War II. In addition to monetary cooperation and exchange rate stability, the IMF works to facilitate international trade and promote economic growth around the world.

The IMF has been led by John Lipsky, a veteran deputy managing director, since May 19.

Strauss-Khan pleaded not guilty earlier this month to seven charges involving a May 14 incident in which a housekeeping employee at New York's Sofitel hotel accused him of sexual assault.

Once considered a top candidate in France's next presidential race, Strauss-Khan officially resigned from the IMF on May 19. He is being held under house arrest in a Manhattan apartment on $6 million in bail money.